Dual design equipped with two separate reservoirs of the main brake cylinder (GTZ) allows you to split the hydraulic path into two circuits that operate independently of each other. The latter means that in the event of a failure of one of the circuits, the second continues to operate in the same mode, providing adequate braking of the car. The hydraulic circuits are arranged diagonally. Failure of any of the circuits, of course, leads to a decrease in braking efficiency and is accompanied by the operation of a warning lamp on the instrument panel when the foot brake pedal is depressed.
All brake mechanisms are equipped with self-adjusters. At the same time, the wear compensation of brake pads of disc mechanisms is carried out automatically, while special adjusting devices are installed on drum brake mechanisms, the activation of which occurs during braking, as well as when cocking the parking brake.
Anti-lock brake system (ABS) can be installed on all models. On non-ABS models, both rear brake circuits are fitted with rear axle load-sensing control valves to adjust the brake fluid pressure depending on the vehicle load.
Master brake cylinder (GTZ)
The GTZ is mounted on the brake booster servo assembly mounted on the rear bulkhead of the engine compartment. On top of the cylinder is a large hydraulic fluid reservoir equipped with a plastic cap. The tank is fixed in the cylinder with the help of through bushings and a cylindrical pin.
As mentioned above, the GTZ has a dual design that provides the operation of two independent hydraulic circuits. The fluid pressure in each of the circuits is pumped by an individual piston inside the main cylinder.
Vacuum brake booster
The booster uses the vacuum created in the intake piping to improve the efficiency of the hydraulic brake system. The vacuum booster servo is mounted on the rear bulkhead of the engine compartment.
Parking brake
The parking brake control lever is located in the passenger compartment and, by means of a cable drive, acts on the brake mechanisms of the rear wheels. When cocking the lever on models equipped with drum rear brakes, the cables pull back on the actuating levers attached to the brake shoe assemblies in both rear wheel mechanisms. In this case, the shoes are bred to the sides, pressing against the working surface of the drums.
Precautionary measures
Some special precautions should be observed when servicing vehicle brake system components:
- Use only the correct grade of hydraulic fluid to fill the brake system (see chapter Vehicle settings and routine maintenance);
- Friction linings of brake pads/shoes may contain hazardous asbestos. Try not to inhale brake dust, do not blow it off with compressed air. To wipe the components of the brake mechanisms, use only special cleaning compounds;
- Ensure that all required tolerances and tightening torques of fasteners are observed. When servicing components, use only serviceable tools. At the slightest doubt, seek help from specialists. Remember that the proper functioning of the brakes is the key to traffic safety;
- At the slightest sign of a malfunction in the functioning of the brake system, the operation of the car should be suspended!
- When servicing any part of the system, proceed carefully and methodically, with meticulous cleanliness. If you are unsure of the functionality of the components, replace them as a set for both brakes on each axle. Use only spare parts from reputable manufacturers.
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